ABSTRACT
Objective: To clarify the characteristics of drug pair of Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus on multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways based on the network pharmacology, and provide a theoretical reference for further study on the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus against cancer and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: Through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, the parameters of oral bioavailability (OB ≥ 30%) and drug-likeness (DL ≥ 0.18) combined with the biological function, contents, research hotspot and other factors were used to screen out the active ingredients of the medicine pair of Coptidis Rhizoma - Euodiae Fructus. DrugBank and TCMSP databases were used to predict and analyze the targets, and Uniprot database was used to sort out all relevant genes affecting the targets. Combining the KEGG database for GO analysis and pathway analysis, "ingredients-targets-related diseases" network was constructed using Cytoscape software. Results: A total of 41 compounds and 212 potential target genes, as well as 44 signaling pathways were obtained after screening from Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus, and there were 44 major signaling pathways involved in 30 pathways related to cancer, seven pathways which were related to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, seven pathways which were related to cancer and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Conclusion: The active ingredients of Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus can up-regulate the expression of cancer apoptosis genes through multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways, down-regulate the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related genes, and produce anti-cancer effect; Protecting vascular cells by inhibiting vascular calcification, and to achieve the effect of treating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases by inhibiting apoptosis and proliferation.
ABSTRACT
Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodia Fructus is a classic herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, the famous prescription is called Zuojinwan, which comes from Danxi Xinfa, is composed of Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodia Fructus (6∶1). In this formula, Coptidis Rhizoma has the effect of clearing heat and drying diuresis, purging fire to remove toxin and clearing heart. Evodia Fructus has the effects of expelling cold and alleviating pain, checking upward adverse flow of Qi tostop vomiting, and assisting yang to stop diarrhea. Coptidis Rhizoma has the properties of bitter and cold, and Evodia Fructus has the properties of pungent and calidus. Pungent drugs have divergent effects, and bitter drugs have sedimentation effect, when used in combination, they can clear the liver and purge fire, calm the adverse-rising energy and stop vomiting. On the basis of Zuojinwan, Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodia Fructus medicine has derived different compatibility ratios. Different ratios are different in terms of efficacy, usage, clinical application. Although with the application of modern analytical instruments and the development of molecular pharmacology theory, the chemical constituents and Pharmacological effects of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodia Fructus have been fully studied, as to the principle of compatibility, and the study of pharmacological effects and chemical constituents after the compatibility of the two drugs in different proportions, there is still no comprehensive system summary. This article makes a systematic and comprehensive explanation of Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodia Fructus from the aspects of famous literature, chemical composition, pharmacological effects and clinical applicationthrough querying literature and ancient books. In order to make this herb pair more standardized, and provide reference materials for further research and development for this herb pair.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM AND METHODS</b>Based on the reaction that 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) can be oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) to yield the highly fluorescent 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCF), ROS production in mitochondria can be observed dynamically as well as quantified directly by spectrofluorometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</b>DCF fluorescence showed linear increase in State 4 mitochondria, which suggest ROS produced at constant rate. The slopes of the linear increase in fluorescence with time were computed performing a linear regression that took into account all relevant data points in selected time windows. The slopes were proportional to ROS production in mitochondria. Addition of sodium azide and malonic acid increased and decreased the rate of ROS production respectively during measurement. DCF fluorescence varied linearly with increasing concentration of mitochondria, which showed quantitative relations in definite range. Repeated measures showed low coefficients of variation. This method is reliable and efficient for determining ROS in mitochondria.</p>